这次我们进行的实验是使用arduino驱动一块共阳四位数码管。驱动数码管限流电阻肯定是必不可少的，限流电阻有两种接法，一种是在d1-d4阳极接，总共接4颗。这种接法好处是需求电阻比较少，但是会产生每一位上显示不同数字亮度会不一样，1最亮，8最暗。另外一种接法就是在其他8个引脚上接，这种接法亮度显示均匀，但是用电阻较多。本次实验使用8颗220Ω电阻（因为没有100Ω电阻，所以使用220Ω的代替，100欧姆亮度会比较高）。
4位数码管总共有12个引脚，小数点朝下正放在面前时，左下角为1,其他管脚顺序为逆时针旋转。左上角为最大的12号管脚。
下图为数码管的说明手册
下面是硬件连接图
代码：
//设置阴极接口
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int c = 3;
int d = 4;
int e = 5;
int f = 6;
int g = 7;
int p = 8;
//设置阳极接口
int d4 = 9;
int d3 = 10;
int d2 = 11;
int d1 = 12;
//设置变量
long n = 0;
int x = 100;
int del = 55; //此处数值对时钟进行微调
void setup()
{
pinMode(d1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(a, OUTPUT);
pinMode(b, OUTPUT);
pinMode(c, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d, OUTPUT);
pinMode(e, OUTPUT);
pinMode(f, OUTPUT);
pinMode(g, OUTPUT);
pinMode(p, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
clearLEDs();
pickDigit(1);
pickNumber((n/x/1000)%10);
delayMicroseconds(del);
clearLEDs();
pickDigit(2);
pickNumber((n/x/100)%10);
delayMicroseconds(del);
clearLEDs();
pickDigit(3);
dispDec(3);
pickNumber((n/x/10)%10);
delayMicroseconds(del);
clearLEDs();
pickDigit(4);
pickNumber(n/x%10);
delayMicroseconds(del);
n++;
if (digitalRead(13) == HIGH)
{
n = 0;
}
}
void pickDigit(int x) //定义pickDigit(x),其作用是开启dx端口
{
digitalWrite(d1, LOW);
digitalWrite(d2, LOW);
digitalWrite(d3, LOW);
digitalWrite(d4, LOW);
switch(x)
{
case 1:
digitalWrite(d1, HIGH);
break;
case 2:
digitalWrite(d2, HIGH);
break;
case 3:
digitalWrite(d3, HIGH);
break;
default:
digitalWrite(d4, HIGH);
break;
}
}
void pickNumber(int x) //定义pickNumber(x),其作用是显示数字x
{
switch(x)
{
default:
zero();
break;
case 1:
one();
break;
case 2:
two();
break;
case 3:
three();
break;
case 4:
four();
break;
case 5:
five();
break;
case 6:
six();
break;
case 7:
seven();
break;
case 8:
eight();
break;
case 9:
nine();
break;
}
}
void dispDec(int x) //设定开启小数点
{
digitalWrite(p, LOW);
}
void clearLEDs() //清屏
{
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(p, HIGH);
}
void zero() //定义数字0时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
}
void one() //定义数字1时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
}
void two() //定义数字2时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
void three() //定义数字3时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
void four() //定义数字4时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
void five() //定义数字5时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
void six() //定义数字6时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
void seven() //定义数字7时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
}
void eight() //定义数字8时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
void nine() //定义数字9时阴极那些管脚开关
{
digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
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